Coke oven



i Patented Mar.l l0, 1925. l l j UNITED STATES `PATENT OFFICE.

LOUIS WILPUTTE, F NEW ROCHELLE, NEW ASSIGNOR 0F TWO-THIRDS TO ALICE A. WILPUTTE, 0F NEW ROCHELLE, N'EW YORK.

' coxn ovnN.

Application led August 12, 1922. Serial No. 581,813.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LOUIS VILLPU'rrE, a citizen. of the United States', and resident of New Rochelle, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and usetulImprovements in Coke Ovens, of which the following is a specification. 'i

My present invention relates to coke ovens, and particularly to the well-known vvand Widely used type in which horizontally elon-NY gated coking chambers are separated by heating walls provided each with a seriesof vertical fines, and in which horizontal fuel gas channels are formed in the masonry of the oven structure, beneath the vertical heating flues,.and communicate with the latter through ports distributed along the length of the channels. In ovens of this type `diiiiculty has always been experienced from the leakage outA of the outer portion of the gas supply channelsinto the atmosphere, and

into adjacent portions of the oven, chambers, and into the heating fines themselves, and into the adjacent regenen-tors, this leakage resulting from the thermal expansion and contraction of the oven masonry,

which opens the brick joints and creates cracks through which this leakage may occur. The object of this invention is to substantially eliminate this leakage, and this object I obtain by lining the outer end of each masonry gas supply channel proper with a metallic pipe formed with ports registering with the brick work ports leading to the adjacent heating flues.

line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

In the coke oven shown in the drawings, horizontally elongated coking chambers A are separated by eating walls formed with vertical fiues C. The various flues C in each heating wall communicate at their upper ends .with a so-called upper horizontal channel D: The heating walls proper are supported by pillar walls b betweenwhich are regenerator chambers E The latte;` alternately supply pre-heated air to, and receive products of combustion from the lower-ends of the lu'es C through ports E shown in part in Fig. 2. .At the base of each heating wall there is formed in the oven brick work, one or more gas supply channels G. In-coke ovens of the general type illustrated, there are usually something like thirty heating fiues C in each heating wall B, which in ordinary practice in this country isabout 40' feet long, and there are 'two gas suppl channels G at `the base of each heating wal the. two channelsl extending into the oven structure from the opposite ends of the heating` wall, each being approximatel half as long as the heating Wall.- Each c annel G is connected by corresponding `ports H formed in the oven brick wbrk with the vertical iues C above the channel. In so far as above described, the coke oven construction illustrated embodies nothing now novel with me, but on the contrary, is ofa well-known and widely used type.

In accordance with the present invention the outer portion of each gas supply channel .G is lined with a tubular` member K l formed of metal which will ordinarily be cast iron. As shown in Fig. 2,' each element K extends into the oven structure from the outer side face of the battery past the masonry ports H communicating with the two iues- C adjacent the corresponding ena of the heating walk Each member K is formed with lateral ports K registeriig` 95 with thecorresponding masonry ports lAdvantageousl the internal diameter. of-

the metallic tu ular part K is substantially the same as that of the portion of the masonry gas channel G at the inner end of the 100 port K. The outer end portion of each channel G is enlarged sufficiently to receive *the metallic member K, and to# provide a space between the outer wall of the latter and the surrounding brick work to receive 105 a suit-able cement or mortar filling L. The latter may be put into place by (grouting. Advantageously, also, the outer en portlon of each tubular partK is enlarged to form a head K2 which is'internally t (ifiv readed for connection to a. corresponding branch M from the external gas supply pipin In .the operation of an oven of t e type illustrated, the expansion and contraction resulting from changes in temperature produce relative movements' of the bricks forming the oven structure which tend to open the joints between thebricksand thereby cause leakage. With the particular type of construction shown, in which each channel G is formed by the aligned central passages in heavy fire brick blocks X, the leakage difficulties resulting from expansion and contraction of the oven brick work are largely due to the opening of the vertical joints Y between the blocks X. This joint opening and resulting leakage is mainly confined to the outer I/portions I'of each heating wall, where the temperature changes are most marked, and for obvious mechanical reasons the thermal expansion and contraction of the parts tends most strongly to produce joint opening movements of the brick parts.

The metallic tubular linings K provided in the outer ends of the gas channels Gr, will not prevent the brick work joints from opening under the conditions which have heretofore caused those joints to open, but they do, substantially minimize objectionable leakage when the bri'ck work joints adjacent the linings open. To appreciate this it must be borne in mind that in a furnace structure such as a coke oven, there is, in general, no possibility of making the structure gas tight in any absolute sense. The

-refractory material available for use in the mortar placed between the bricks is not of a character which enables the mortar to form an impervious bond thoroughly cementing the bricks together.` In such a structure, as a practical proposition, gas leakage is not prevented because the mortar cements the bricks together, but because the joints provide leakage paths of such relatively considerable length, and of such thinness that with the gas pressure differentials revailing, the leakage is normally insigni cant in amount under any conditions/ and after relative movementof the bricks sufilcientsto create` appreciable leakage, these paths normally tend to close up with dust, or with carbonaceous material carried into the joints by the gas. ,f

With the present inventi n leakage from the portions of the gas channels G at which leakage is most apt to occur, is substantially eliminated, primarily because the leakage paths ofy flow from each gas channel proper into the joints Y adjacent the outer end of the heating wall, must include considerable portions of the joints between the metalllc lining parts K and the surrounding brick work. The last mentioned joints elongate the leakage paths, and moreover these joints may be sealed by the grouting or cement L as eficiently as it is possible to close joints in an oven structure. The metallic parts K, connected asthey are to the gas supply piping or gas guns M proper, eliminate leakage difficulties heretofore experienced from ar practical inability to maintain tight joints between the inner ends of the external metallic gas gun proper and the outer ends of the masonry channels into which these guns have been inserted for a few inches.

Those skilled in the art will readily understand the practical merit and importance of my invention, since leakage from the gas supply channels to the outer end sur'- faces of the battery where the gas frequently burns back of the even buckstays, and leakage from the gas supply channels into the regenerators, or .into the oven chambers,

or into the heating flues has frequently been a source of annoyance and inefficient ccmbustion, and in some cases has resulted in serious injury to the oven structure. It might be thought that leakage from the gas supply channels into the combustion ffues C would not be a mattei' of any particular importance, but this is not the case. In order to insure the proper relative supplies of air and gas at the bottom of each combustion flue, required for efficient combustion, and to obtain the proper distribution of heat imparted to each coking charge from` the various heating. lues in the adjacent heating walls, it is necessary to very carefully proportion the combustible gas supplies to the different fines C. This proportioning is effected, in an oven of the type shown by nozzle members I removably inserted in the upper ends of the ports H. The

Lnozzles I provide measuring orifices which must be very accurately proportioned. The actual cross sectional area of the orifices 1n SHI each nozzle is commonly of the order of .a half of one square inch, and for really eflicient operation the orifices in the different nozzles in each heating wall must not be of uniform size, but are graduated to suit the requirements. A relatively small amount of leakage from the gas supply vchannels G into the heating flues (l adjacent the outer ends of the oven, may thus materially afiect the heat distribution and the ef'liciency of combustion, and this leakage sometimes results in a Very substantial reduction in the amount of surplus gas recovered in the portion of a by-product coke oven.

Vhile the temperatures in the combustion flues C, in oven chambers, and in regenerative spaces adjacent the gas supply channels, may be, and ordinarily are, in the neighborhood of, or above 2000", the temperatures in the outer. ends of the gas supply channels G which are cooled during each alternate period of one half hour or so, (depending on the frequency with which the direction of relativel flow through the regenerators is reversed) by the gas then iowing through the channels, are not suiiiciently high to effect rapid deterioration of the metallic parts K, when thelatter are formed of cast iron or similar refractory metal. In case of excessive eterioration, the construction dis closed permits the replacement of the damaged lining parts K, by new lining parts. i

While in accordance with the provisions of the statutes I have illustrated .and described the best form of my invention now known to me, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the'spirit of my invens tion as set forth in the appended claims, and that certain features of my invention may sometimes be used to advantage without a corresponding use of other features.

Having now described my invention, what" I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

I l. In a by-product coke oven, comprisin horizontal elon ated coking chambers an interposed heating walls formed with vertical heating lues and formed with horizontal gas supply channels extendin into the oven brick work from the ends o the heating walls adjacent the lower ends of the heating fines and communicating with the latter through masonry ports distributed longitudinally of the channels, the improvement which consists of tubular metallic lining parts for the outer end portions of said channels and formed with lateral ports registering with the adjacent masonry ports.

2. In a by-product coke oven, comprising horizontal elon ated coking chambers and interposed heating walls formed with verticalheating iues and formed with horizontal gas supply channels extendin into the oven brick work from the ends o the heating walls adjacent the lower ends of the heating 'lues and communicating with the lat-ter through masonry ports distributed longitudinally of the channels, the improvementwhich consists of tubular metallic lining parts Vfor the outer end portions of said channels, said parts being formed with lateral ports registering with the adjacent 'masonry ports and having provisions at their outer ends for connection to the external gas supply piping.

Si ed at New York, in the county7` of New ork and State of New York, this 11th day of Augus'tjA.. D; 1922.

LOUIS WILPUTTE. 

